state province algeria
Arabic (official), French (lingua franca), Berber or Tamazight (official); dialects include Kabyle Berber (Taqbaylit), Shawiya Berber (Tacawit), Mzab Berber, Tuareg Berber (Tamahaq)major-language sample(s): (Arabic)The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information. The group was formerly known as Jund al-Khilafah fi Ard al-Jazair. II, United Nations, New ), 27.5% of GDP (2017 est. Each province was further subdivided into three territories. provinces, with external capitals Alger, Constantine, and Oran. made the national language. Authorities arrested Fekhar in 2015 and held him for 22 months without a trial. Academic seminars generally occurred with limited governmental interference. List of Algerian provinces by area This article has been translated from the If mediation does not lead to an agreement, workers may strike legally after they vote by secret ballot to do so. In nonfelony cases and in cases of individuals held on charges of terrorism and other subversive activities that exceed a 12-day period plus any authorized extension, the law calls for the release of suspects on provisional liberty, referred to as judicial control, while awaiting trial. 1957-08-07: Territoires du Sud (formerly department no. The government monitored certain email and social media sites. According to statistics provided in September, the Ministry of Justices General Directorate for Prison Administration and Resettlement (DGAPR) had responsibility for approximately 63,000 prisoners. codes were assigned to those departments whose names had changed. Exercise increased caution in Algeria due to terrorism and kidnapping. 1964: Name of Orlansville department changed to El Asnam. Security officials reportedly searched homes without a warrant. name is usually the same as the name of its capital, the easiest way to track the changes is to consider them as city Algeria is divided into 48 wilayat (provinces; sing. Opposition candidate Benflis rejected the results and claimed that fraud marred the elections. According to the NGO Reporters without Borders, private advertising existed but frequently came from businesses with close links to the ruling political party. NGOs reported that irregular migrants sometimes worked in forced labor and that their lack of work permits made them more vulnerable to exploitation. Presidential term limits, which were eliminated in 2008, were reintroduced in a 2016 revision of the constitution and limit the president to two five-year terms. Algiers has increased protectionist measures since 2015 to limit its import bill and encourage domestic production of non-oil and gas industries. Coordinator for the Arctic Region; According to the ministry, organizations receive a receipt after submitting their application for accreditation, and after the time periods listed above, this slip is legally sufficient for them to begin operating, to open a bank account, and to rent office or event space. According to Belhouchet, the government has a monopoly on advertising that it uses to punish those who criticize the government and thus, weakens freedom of expression. According to a 2018 report by the IOM, Algeria has expelled 35,600 Nigeriens to Niger since 2014more than 12,000 in 2018as well as more than 8,000 migrants from other African countries. Police typically dispersed protesters shortly after a protest began and arrested and detained organizers for a few hours. According to AP reports, some migrants died during the 20-kilometer desert march. The capital city of a baladiyah, The standard workweek was 40 hours, including one hour for lunch per day. Many schools lacked teachers trained to work with children with disabilities, threatening the viability of efforts to mainstream children with disabilities into public schools. After Tamanrasset Algerian state of Arab, its capital is the city of Tamanrasset, occupies the first place among the states of Algeria in Human Rights Watch, Amnesty International, and other NGOs criticized the governments use of the law to restrict peaceful assembly. Unions may recruit members at the workplace. The government has mechanisms to investigate and punish abuses, but the government did not always provide public information on disciplinary or legal action against police, military, or other security force personnel. 134, the departments united the civil and military territories, strengthening the wilaya). The Ministry of Interior reported in March to a Senate session that approximately 500 illegal migrants try to enter the country daily along the countrys southern borders. In February the Ministry for National Solidarity, Family, and Women and UN Women launched an administrative database, named AMANE, to collect information on violence against women. Copyright 2000, 2001, 2003-2006, 2011, 2013-2015 by Gwillim Law. There were no significant reports regarding prison or detention center conditions that raised human rights concerns. Algeria Telephone + (213) 770-08-2000 Emergency + (213) 770-08-2200 Fax 0770-08-2299 Email ACSAlgiers@state.gov Website U.S. Embassy Algiers Algeria Map 1845-04-24: By ordinance, Algeria was divided into three provinces. The population of the province, which has an area of 1,102 square kilometers, is 1,002,937 according to 2008 data. )$10,800 (2020 est. )wine: 0.2 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est. Tamanghasset to Tamanrasset. )subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 11 (2020 est. Government Human Rights Bodies: In 2016 the government replaced the National Consultative Commission for the Promotion and Protection of Human Rights (CNCPPDH) with the CNDH. The minimum legal age for employment is 16, but younger children may work as apprentices with permission from their parents or legal guardian. organized as annexes. More than 100,000 Sahrawis are estimated to be living in five refugee camps in southwestern Algeria near Tindouf. Although several total petroleum systems may exist within the Illizi Province, only one composite total petroleum system is identified. Certain parts of the military territory were The DGSNs human rights office, created in July 2017, reported that it was leading seminars and workshops with the National Human Rights Council to provide additional human rights training to its officers. ANEP stated that it sought to preserve a pluralistic press and freedom of information and noted that it funded opposition newspapers. A longtime FLN member, TEBBOUNE ran for president as an independent. There is no official estimate of the poverty income level. New FIPS The government allowed undeclared workers to gain credit for social security and retirement benefits for time spent in the informal economy if they repay any taxes owed after registering. )exports: 673 million kWh (2019 est. Northern Africa, bordering the Mediterranean Sea, between Morocco and Tunisia, total: 2,381,740 sq kmland: 2,381,740 sq kmwater: 0 sq km, slightly less than 3.5 times the size of Texas, total: 6,734 kmborder countries (6): Libya 989 km; Mali 1,359 km; Mauritania 460 km; Morocco 1,941 km; Niger 951 km; Tunisia 1,034 km, territorial sea: 12 nmcontiguous zone: 24 nmexclusive fishing zone: 32-52 nm, arid to semiarid; mild, wet winters with hot, dry summers along coast; drier with cold winters and hot summers on high plateau; sirocco is a hot, dust/sand-laden wind especially common in summer, mostly high plateau and desert; Atlas Mountains in the far north and Hoggar Mountains in the south; narrow, discontinuous coastal plain, highest point: Tahat 2,908 mlowest point: Chott Melrhir -40 mmean elevation: 800 m, petroleum, natural gas, iron ore, phosphates, uranium, lead, zinc, agricultural land: 17.4% (2018 est. 1957-05-20: Thirty-four new arrondissements were created. UNHCR registered more than 10,000 Syrians, but fewer than 7,000 remained registered with UNHCR as of September. Algeria is a multiparty republic whose president, the head of state, is elected by popular vote for a five-year term. The government maintained two regional womens shelters and was building three additional shelters. The government did not permit young men eligible for the draft who had not completed their military service to leave the country without special authorization. civil territories grew at the expense of the military territories. Arabic: al-Jumhuriya al-Jazairiya ad-Dimuqratiya ash-Shabiya (formal), Dutch: Algerije, Democratische Volksrepubliek Algerije (formal), English: Democratic and Popular Republic of Algeria (formal), Norwegian: Den demokratiske folkerepublikk Algerie (formal) (Bokml), Den demokratiske folkerepublikken Algerie (formal) (Nynorsk), Algerie, Russian: , (formal), Turkish: Cezayir Demokratik Halk Cumhuriyeti (formal), Bchar: after Wadi Bashshar, possibly from Arabic, Bjaa: ethnic name, possibly from Arabic, Constantine: rebuilt in 311 by Roman emperor Constantine the Great, El Oued: = the Wadi (intermittent stream), Stif: ancient Sitifi, possibly from Berber. )note: Data are in current year dollars and do not include illicit exports or re-exports. President BOUTEFLIKA announced in fall 2017 that Algeria intends to develop its non-conventional energy resources. The constitution provides for freedom of speech and press, and independent media outlets regularly criticized and satirized government officials and policies, but the government on some occasions restricted these rights. The law prohibits discrimination with respect to employment, salary, and work environment based on age, gender, social and marital status, family links, political conviction, disability, national origin and affiliation with a union. On August 12, about 30 members of the Mouwatana movement held a sit-in in Algiers to denounce the fifth term of President Bouteflika. For example, female migrants were subjected to debt bondage as they worked to repay smuggling debts through domestic servitude, forced begging, and forced prostitution. WebThe province of Blida is located in the north of Algeria. 1980: Name of El Asnam department and its capital changed to Ech Chliff, later spelled Chlef. The constitution grants the president authority to appoint all prosecutors and judges. At the beginning of the 20th century, Algeria was a French colony. Hierarchical administrative subdivision codes, Journal Officiel de la Rpublique The International Trade Union Confederation reported that judicial persecution of trade union leaders had intensified. Defendants have the right to be present during their trial but may be tried in absentia if they do not respond to a summons ordering their appearance. The courts are empowered to dissolve unions that engage in illegal activities. Declining oil prices have also reduced the governments ability to use state-driven growth to distribute rents and fund generous public subsidies, and the government has been under pressure to reduce spending. )other alcohols: 0 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est. Judges rarely refused requests to extend pretrial detention, which by law may be appealed. The administrative division into departments and territories was based on French practice. Women did not often have exclusive control over assets that they brought to a marriage or that they earned. Le Telagh arrondissement Women may seek divorce for irreconcilable differences and violation of a prenuptial agreement. split from Sada; Relizane split from Mostaganem; Souk Ahras split from Guelma; Tindouf split from Bchar; Tipaza )note: data are in 2017 dollars, 7.23% (2021 est. Access to Asylum: While the law provides generally for asylum or refugee status, the government has not established a formal system through which refugees can request asylum. Improvements: Authorities improved prison conditions to meet international standards. The boundaries of subdivisions have changed, although the names may have stayed the same. Representatives of the National Autonomous Union for Public Administration Personnel (SNAPAP) stated that the union continued to function without official status. Their names were Alger (English: Algiers), A nonresponse after this period of time is considered a rejection. 1974-06: Fifteen departments reorganized to form thirty-one. )refined petroleum consumption: 450,500 bbl/day (2019 est. Human rights activists and attorneys, however, asserted that some detainees were held without access to lawyers. )20.4% of GDP (2016 est. )consumption: 46,945,035,000 cubic meters (2019 est. A national committee is responsible for monitoring and publishing an annual report on the rights of children. The law requires that workers obtain government approval to form a union, and the Ministry of Labor must approve or disapprove a union application within 30 days. )other: 81.8% (2018 est. The government provided disability benefits to persons with disabilities who registered. The decision to strike must be approved by majority vote of workers at a general meeting. Security forces dispersed political opposition rallies and interfered with the right to organize. U.S. imports from Algeria grew from $4.7 billion in 2002 to $10.8 billion in 2005, primarily in oil and liquefied natural gas (LNG). The law requires that a minimum level of essential public services must be maintained during public-sector service strikes, and the government has broad legal authority to requisition public employees. It changes the spelling of one province from The law for the protection of the child criminalizes anyone who economically exploits a child with a penalty of one to three years imprisonment and a fine of DZD 50,000 to DZD 100,000 ($425 to $850); the punishment is doubled if the offender is a family member or guardian of the child. The report noted the refugee population included Syrians, (an estimated 85 percent), Yemenis, Congolese, Ivoirians, Palestinians, Malians, Central Africans, and other nationalities. Constantine, and Oran, after their capitals. )investment in inventories: 11.2% (2017 est. Few government buildings were accessible to persons with disabilities. ), air pollution in major cities; soil erosion from overgrazing and other poor farming practices; desertification; dumping of raw sewage, petroleum refining wastes, and other industrial effluents is leading to the pollution of rivers and coastal waters; Mediterranean Sea, in particular, becoming polluted from oil wastes, soil erosion, and fertilizer runoff; inadequate supplies of potable water, party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlandssigned, but not ratified: Nuclear Test Ban, particulate matter emissions: 35.17 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est. LGBTI activists reported that the vague wording of laws criminalizing homosexual acts and acts against nature permitted sweeping accusations that resulted in multiple arrests for consensual same-sex sexual relations, but no known prosecutions during the year. Arabic al-Jazairiya from capital city Algiers, which comes from Arabic al-jaza`ir: the islands, for four Nongovernmental observers believed pretrial detainees comprised a significant portion of the total detainee and prisoner population but did not have specific statistics. )industry: 39.3% (2017 est. The Illizi Province is in eastern Algeria and a small portion of western Libya. The law states that a person claiming domestic abuse must visit a forensic physician for an examination to document injuries and that the physician must determine that the injuries suffered incapacitated the victim for 15 days. )imports: 531 million kWh (2019 est. 2018 Country Reports on Human Rights Practices: Algeria, An official website of the United States Government. The law provides detainees the right to see an attorney for 30 minutes if the time in detention has been extended beyond the initial 48-hour period. The French southward conquest of the entirety of Algeria proceeded throughout the 19th century and was marked by many atrocities. The law provides for sentences of one to 20 years imprisonment for domestic violence and six months to two years incarceration for men who withhold property or financial resources from their spouses. Lawyers reported that authorities usually carried out procedures for warrants and summonses properly. It appears that the -r- spelling is Construction workers and domestic workers were reportedly vulnerable. 1957-07-01: New department codes assigned to the thirteen departments. Several candidates withdrew from the race, claiming that the outcome was a foregone conclusion. Government officials did not take measures specifically to prevent discrimination against LGBTI persons. ), total subscriptions: 45,555,673 (2020 est. Religious texts distributed without authorization may be seized and destroyed. Subsequent reforms to the national electoral law introduced open list voting to curb corruption. NGOs reported that judges gave harsher sentences to LGBTI persons. Over the past three years, the government has enacted incremental increases in some taxes, resulting in modest increases in prices for gasoline, cigarettes, alcohol, and certain imported goods, but it has refrained from reducing subsidies, particularly for education, healthcare, and housing programs. )126.777 (2020 est. )note: data are in 2017 dollars, 3.5% (2021 est. FIPS 10-4 Change Notice 12, dated 2007-06-11, showed the new provinces. Algeria's economy remains dominated by the state, a legacy of the country's socialist post-independence development model. )investment in fixed capital: 38.1% (2017 est. See more Algiers Algiers ( al-Jazer, , Alger) is the capital and largest city of Algeria. Child Abuse: Child abuse was illegal but was a serious problem. He appealed to the Constitutional Council without result. After making a determination, the ministry notifies the customs service of the decision to allow or ban the importation of the publication. There were no reports that the government granted refugee status and asylum to new refugee applicants during the year. The Algerian Red Crescent, which is subordinate to the Ministry of Solidarity, maintained welcome facilities that provided food and shelter for those Syrians without means to support themselves. Censorship or Content Restrictions: Some major news outlets faced direct and indirect retaliation for criticism of the government. Algeria Telephone: (213) 770-08-2000 Emergency after-hours telephone: (213) 770-08-2200 Fax: 0770-08-2299 Email: ACSAlgiers@state.gov. The law prohibits torture and prescribes prison sentences of between 10 and 20 years for government agents found guilty of torture. BOUTEFLIKA resigned in April 2019, and in December 2019, Algerians elected former Prime Minister Abdelmadjid TEBBOUNE as the country's new president. According to UNHCR, the government did not accept UNHCR-determined refugee status for individuals. The government took steps to investigate, prosecute, or punish public officials who committed violations. In addition, six private domestic television channels, 12 foreign broadcasting channels, and one foreign radio stationthe BBCoperated throughout the year. )$471.223 billion (2020 est. 1902, because of border adjustments in desert areas. The province and its total petroleum system coincide with the Illizi Basin. The law presumes defendants are innocent and have the right to be present and to consult with an attorney provided at public expense if necessary. Illegal migrants from Sub-Saharan Africa, particularly Malians, Nigeriens, and Gambians, continue to come to Algeria in search of work or to use it as a stepping stone to Libya and Europe. Christians reside mostly in Algiers and the Provinces of Kabylie, Bejaia, Tizi Ouzou, Annaba, Ouargla, and Oran. According to his lawyers, authorities have not provided any evidence to support the charges. agriculture: 13.3% (2017 est. A CNDH representative said the organization viewed the most serious human rights concerns as limits on socioeconomic rights, as well as limits on free speech. Security forces conducted unannounced home visits. Several hundred international election observers from the United Nations, Arab League, African Union, and Organization of Islamic Cooperation monitored voting. The majority of the ministrys programs for children with disabilities remained in social centers for children with disabilities rather than in formal educational institutions. )from consumed natural gas: 93.414 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2019 est. Update 15 to the GEC, the successor to the FIPS standard, is dated 2014-03-31. WebThe Islamic State Algeria Province is a branch of the militant Islamist group Islamic State, active in Algeria. )geothermal: 0% of total installed capacity (2020 est. The law prohibits Muslim women from marrying non-Muslims, although authorities did not always enforce this provision. 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