escape from singapore 1942

Later they were flown to Batavia and from there to Australia. With copies of charts supplied by CMDR Robinson they picked their course past minefields but suddenly, late at night when navigating reefs, they went aground. I could not help wondering why such an outflow of civilians, Europeans as well as Asians, should have been allowed at this late hour. Then it gets more murky because the initial escape from Singapore is made in two boats by the members of an anti-aircraft battery. It was attacked by light naval craft and by aircraft. They get split up en route, but make it to Sumatra, where there are loads of other escapes and refugees. 232 Squadron RAF was formed and No. Produced by the Naval Studies Group in conjunction with the Submarine Institute of Australia, the Australian Naval Institute, Naval Historical Society and the RAN Seapower Centre. [135] Little work had been done to build air raid shelters, and looting and desertion by Commonwealth troops further added to the chaos in the area. In the early afternoon McKerron and the Vlielands were joined by an old friend, Commander C. P. Robinson, the Deputy Master Attendant (Deputy Harbour Master). Post war she returned to Hong Kong. [173], Commando raids were carried out against Japanese shipping in Singapore Harbour in Operation Jaywick (1943) and Operation Rimau (1944) to varying success. He was convicted and hanged in the Philippines on 23 February 1946.[176]. Civilian casualties mounted as a million people crowded into the 3mi (4.8km) area still held by the Commonwealth and bombing and artillery-fire increased. In the interwar years, Britain had established a naval base in Singapore after the Anglo-Japanese alliance had lapsed in 1923. When the first bombs fell on Singapore the evacuation began in earnest with torrents of people desperately seeking passage in the next available ship. Please use a different way to share. Early on 8 December 1941, Singapore was bombed for the first time by long-range Japanese aircraft, such as the Mitsubishi G3M2 "Nell" and the Mitsubishi G4M1 "Betty", based in Japanese-occupied Indochina. Shortly afterwards Percival allocated the composite 6th/15th Indian Infantry Brigade to reinforce the Australians from their position around the Singapore racecourse. Trouble signing in? [151][137] Elphick also claims that Australians made up the majority of stragglers. While we do not have a crew and passenger list, LTCOL McKerron and LCDR Whitaker were both serving in Colombo in 1942 and it is assumed they arrived in Perak. Alices nephew is CMDR Mike Storrs RAN Rtd. The Japanese had imprisoned some 75,000 commonwealth soldiers in war camps on the swampy island of Singapore in the spring of 1942. They were whimsically known as the Plymouth Argylls (Plymouth Argyle is a football club). I refer back to the original statement of "Left Singapore for Java in February 1942; escaped from Java by ship for Australia, but two ships were sunk and his ship turned and headed for India, arriving in Karachi March 1942". Robinson, Stephen, False Flags Disguised German Raiders of World War II, Exisle Publishing, Wollombi, NSW, 2016. Survivors from this closely knit unit stayed together and some managed to escape whilst others were taken into custody. REEL 1 Account of Japanese invasion of Singapore and her escape from Malaya, 2/1942: blackout; procession of Chinese and Malays taking to woods; work of civil defence; arrival of evacuees from Malayan Peninsula; daily Japanese air raids; behaviour of civilians under air raids; ordered to leave Singapore; problems getting to ship; having to leave ship during air raid prior to departure. The Japanese, however, were well aware of this deadly game of cat and mouse and had set a trap with aircraft overhead and ships guarding the Straits which caused havoc. [29] Of over 3,000 men from these units only around 500 men escaped. It was also the greatest defeat of Australian forces, but much closer to home in South East Asia, our near north. No amount of toing and froing with the engines would shake her free and with a falling tide they were stuck fast. [79] The lack of an effective air early warning system throughout the campaign meant that many Commonwealth aircraft were lost in this manner during Japanese attacks against airfields. ALSO INCLUDES CORRESPONDENCE TO HIS FAMILY AND LATER NEWS CUTTINGS Michael Pether (Pether 2018), whose parents were in Singapore2, also describes the scene: On the evening of 13 February 1942 as the Japanese Army tightened its encirclement of the central area of the city of Singapore the Allied troops and civilians endured constant bombing and artillery shelling the city was in flames; thousands of dead bodies littered the streets and much of the city lay in ruins. [k][l] The Kappe Report, compiled by Colonels J. H. Thyer and C. H. Kappe, concedes that at most only two-thirds of the Australian troops manned the final perimeter. Please try again. [129][117] At about 13:00, the Japanese broke through and advanced towards the Alexandra Barracks Hospital. [25], Although more Commonwealth unitsincluding some from the 8th Australian Divisionjoined the campaign, the Japanese prevented them from regrouping. Of the few survivors eight were picked up by the Japanese and later six more were found by the steamer Mata Hari. [10] On 11 November 1940, the German raider Atlantis captured the British steamer Automedon in the Indian Ocean, carrying papers meant for Air Marshal Sir Robert Brooke-Popham, the British commander in the Far East. [126], The following day, the remaining Commonwealth units fought on. [169] Numerous British and Australian soldiers taken prisoner remained in Singapore's Changi Prison and many died in captivity. A month later they were washed ashore having returned to within a hundred miles of their departure point. Reviewed in the United States on April 2, 2001. The honour of the British Empire and of the British Army is at stake. Only after cross-checking the message with the Automedon papers did the Japanese accept it to be genuine. Fairmile Motor Launches (MLs) were versatile small craft produced in their hundreds and served in most theatres during WWII. on the Internet. [132][133] Several survivors were identified after the war, some of whom had survived by pretending to be dead. On 10 December both capital ships were lying on the sea bed off the east coast of Malaya with 840 dead and 2000 survivors seeking help from the beleaguered garrison. She suffered air attacks with some damage but then sailed directly into a convoy of enemy transports escorted by warships. When ordered to leave Singapore she was heavily laden with 14 crew and 62 passengers. [76][h] From 27 to 30 January, another 48 Hurricanes arrived on the aircraft carrier HMSIndomitable. (Brooke 1989). It left a scar on his mind. [77] Operated by the four squadrons of No. Please try again. During the first night 13,000 Japanese troops landed and were followed by another 10,000 after first light. Air cover was in a worse state with 158 obsolete aircraft, including four RAAF squadrons, two of Brewster Buffalo fighters and two of Lockheed Hudson bombers. After a full and frank exchange of views, all present agreed that no counter-attack was possible, and Percival opted for surrender. A least one ship put up a gallant fight against overwhelming odds, she was the converted ferry cum armed patrol boat, HMS Li Wo, under command of Temporary Lieutenant Thomas Wilkinson RNR. Percival made plans of his own for the counter-attack, detailing a three-phased operation that involved the majority of the 22nd Brigade, and he subsequently passed this on to Bennett, who began implementing the plan, but forgot to call X Battalion back. Finally, on sighting a friendly vessel, they hoist an improvised distress signal, not realizing that the one they select is a warning of their intention to attack. The June 2019 edition of this magazine contained an article The Naval Evacuation of Singapore February 1942 which lists MV Kembong amongst forty-five vessels that escaped. Another well-known escape was of 65 Australian nurses aboard HMS Vyner Brooke which sailed on 12 February. [167][168] The other ethnic groups of Singaporesuch as the Malays and Indianswere not spared. [44] The rest of the force was of mixed quality, condition, training, equipment and morale. However, Robinson was aware of the derelict Kembong. Like the Buffalos the Hurricanes began to suffer severe losses in dogfights. According to author Alan Warren, the Fall of Singapore shattered "the British Empire's illusion of permanence and strength", ultimately making "European empires in Asia unsustainable beyond the short term" and presaging the end of colonialism in the region in the post war period. Her passengers included the skippers wife, a civilian nurse Alice Wilkinson, and 12 Dockyard personnel, plus 50 from the RAF and Army. At the same time, bowing to Japanese political pressure and possibly compounding foreseen weakness, Britain withdrew from its Chinese based garrisons at Shanghai and Tientsin and repositioned these regiments in Singapore, leaving the last east Asian outpost at Hong Kong alone and vulnerable. As a prelude to events unfolding in Singapore in early December 1941 the Japanese Armys 38th Division of over 50,000 men massed on the border between China and the British-leased New Territories. In December 1940, the Germans handed over copies of the papers to the Japanese. In deference to his Chinese crew Bill renamed his vessel Suey Sin Fah,and armed her with a machine gun before sailing with refugees from Sumatra to southern India. They get buzzed by a Zero that inexplicably doesn't fire, they get fired upon by a Zero who inexplicably doesn't finish them off, they meet a drunken Dutchman, they eat poorly (but not _that_ poorly), tempers fray, etc. [30][31] A determined counter-attack by the 5/11th Sikh Regiment (Lieutenant-Colonel John Parkin) in the area of Niyor, near Kluang, on 25 January and an ambush around the Nithsdale Estate by the 2/18th Australian Battalion on 26/27 January bought valuable time and permitted East Force, based on the 22nd Australian Brigade (Brigadier Harold Taylor), to withdraw from eastern Johor (formerly Johore). Controversially, the commander of Australian forces on the island, Major General Gordon Bennett, escaped the island with two staff officers on the night of the surrender. Print This Page. The report also contained an order of battle for the defence of Singapore and the roles to be played by Australian and New Zealand forces should Japan enter the war. SSPerak, a 1,200-ton passenger/cargo steamer of the Straits Steamship Company, had sailed from Singapore a few days before the surrender with personnel from No 36 Squadron RAF embarked. [60] In comparison, following the withdrawal, Percival had about 85,000 men at his disposal, although 15,000 were administrative personnel, while large numbers were semi-trained British, Indian and Australian reinforcements that had only recently arrived. [90][89], To the north, the 27th Australian Brigade had not been engaged during the Japanese assaults on the first day. A trio of old Yangtze river steamers Kung Wo, Kualaand Tien Kuangwere crewed as naval auxiliaries: RNR officers Brooks and Terry, plus 100 men, embarked in the largest of these, Kung Wo.Others aboard Kung Wo were a five strong media contingent which included an attractive budding Chinese film actress, Doris Lim. Those ashore on Pompong, with some supplies, were estimated at about 200 women and children, 30 to 40 civilian men and 400 from the three services, which included many with severe injuries. [95] As parties of Japanese troops began to infiltrate the brigade's positions from the west, exploiting the gap formed by the Kranji River, the 2/26th Battalion was forced to withdraw to a position east of the Bukit Timah Road; this move precipitated a sympathetic move by the 2/30th away from the causeway. [89] Bennett decided to form a secondary defensive line, known as the "Kranji-Jurong Switch Line" facing west between the two rivers, with its centre around Bulim, east of Tengah Airfieldwhich subsequently came under Japanese controland just north of Jurong. Gibson, Walter, The Boat Singapore Escape, Monsoon, Singapore, 2007. . [155], The Japanese had advanced 650mi (1,050km) from Singora, Thailand, to the southern coast of Singapore at an average rate of 9mi (14km) a day. Using your mobile phone camera - scan the code below and download the Kindle app. A younger and energetic Dalforce officer, Wyatt Smith, commandeered a small motor boat to ferry them to Kembong. Lynette Silver (Silver 1990) is more precise: Rather than face the prospect of spending the rest of the war in prison, many chose to take the perilous journey across the sea to Sumatra, the only escape route now open. [69] The Australians numbered just 3,000 men and lacked any significant reserve. Others were wounded or were forced ashore and were subsequently captured. Carew, Tim, The Fall of Hong Kong, Anthony Blond, London, 1960. [83], Air battles went on for the rest of the day and by nightfall it was clear that with the few aircraft Percival had left, Kallang could no longer be used as a base. On 16 February a small Dutch steamer Tandjong Pinangarrived and embarked the women and children and those who were critically injured, but it was sunk about 12 hours later with only 15 persons reaching land. There must at this stage be no thought of saving the troops or sparing the population. [50][51] Although his military advisors judged that Istana Bukit Serene was an easy target, Yamashita was confident that the British Army would not attack the palace because it belonged to the Sultan of Johor. Three other HDMLs for the Straits Settlement Volunteer Reserve (SSVR) were given names in lieu of numbers, Panglima, Penghambatand Penyengat. We have new and used copies available, in 1 editions - starting at $3.98. In January 1941 a large component of the Australian Armys recently raised 8th Division was posted to Malaya. Percival had expected a crossing in the north and failed to reinforce the defenders in time. Thousands of others were transported by sea to other parts of Asia, including Japan, to be used as forced labour on projects such as the SiamBurma Death Railway and Sandakan airfield in North Borneo. Of the Australian battalions, three had drawn heavily upon undertrained recruits, new to the theatre. [52], Most of Singapore's BL 15-inch Mk I naval guns could be traversed north and were used to engage the Japanese. The number of Japanese killed and wounded is disputed. Escape from Singapore, 1942;: The story of an incredible voyage through enemy waters Since 2015, the timing for the sounding of the sirens has been shifted to 6.20 p.m., corresponding with the actual time of the surrender of Singapore in 1942. Afterwards a fragile fleet of forty-four independent unescorted sailings occurred on Black Friday 13 February, with a few stragglers coming behind on 14 February. It was reported to Cabinet by the CIGS [Chief of the Imperial General Staff, General Alan Brooke] that Percival has over 100,000 [sic] men, of whom 33,000 are British and 17,000 Australian. A boarding party discovered a small weighted bag destined to have been thrown overboard. Life on the Line Podcasts It also analyzed reviews to verify trustworthiness. 1996-2023, Amazon.com, Inc. or its affiliates, Select a location to see product availability. Much less is known about the planned escape of thousands of servicemen, civilians and women and children over the last few days leading up to the surrender. Many ships and other craft were sunk or disabled and there was considerable loss of life. He had been arrested on 10 December and court-martialled in January. With the decision taken to relocate major royal naval assets to Java, most naval personnel were evacuated in MV Empire Staron 12 February. How came 100,000 men (half of them of our own race) to hold up their hands to inferior numbers of Japanese? Over the course of a day, they found large concentrations of troops, although they were unable to locate any landing craft. In February 1942, out of approximately 40,000 Indian personnel in Singapore, about 30,000 joined the INA, of which about 7,000 fought Commonwealth forces in the Burma Campaign and in the northeast Indian regions of Kohima and Imphal; others became POW camp guards at Changi. No. Here another bit of luck came the way of the Dalforce party as they heard of another abandoned ship in need of their newfound recovery skills. [17][18] Prior to the Battle of Singapore the most resistance was met at the Battle of Muar which involved the 8th Australian Division and the 45th Indian Brigade. 3 Charles Moses served in the British infantry during WWI. After sailing for one day she was torpedoed by Japanese submarine I-4with no known survivors. Since then further interesting information has come to light. Anniversary Cruise: Sydney under Japanese Attack, Sydney Harbour in War and Peace: Bradleys Head Tour, Garden Island Northern Hill and Garden Tour, Night of the midget subs Sydney under attack, D-Day commando on Sword Beach by Commander Jim Speed DSC, RAN Part 1, D-Day commando on Sword Beach by Commander Jim Speed DSC, RAN Part 2, D-Day commando on Sword Beach by Commander Jim Speed DSC, RAN Part 3. [127] The civilian authorities began to fear that the water supply would give out; Percival was advised that large amounts of water were being lost due to damaged pipes and that the water supply was on the verge of collapse. The converted riverboat Wah Sui,not an internationally registered hospital ship, but painted white with large red crosses on both sides, had already been used to evacuate wounded from Singapore to Java and was now anchored in the harbour. Colonels and brigadiers, civilians and civilservants,battle-hardenedwarriorsandarmy deserters intent on escape at any price, left in launches, junks, rowing boats, naval craft, in fact anything that floated. Prior to the battle, Japanese General Tomoyuki Yamashita had advanced with about 30,000 men down the Malayan Peninsula in the Malayan campaign. Something went wrong. [57] Much of the equipment and resources of the garrison had been incorrectly allocated to the north east sector, where the most complete and freshest formationthe 18th Infantry Divisionwas deployed, while the depleted 8th Australian Division sector with two of its three brigades had no serious fixed defensive works or obstacles. Denis Russell-Roberts (Russell-Roberts 1965), an Indian Army officer and later POW in Singapore, whose wife Ruth died on Banka Island, provides an analysis of 47 vessels that escaped from Singapore. Three small patrols were sent on the evening of 6 February, one was spotted and withdrew after its leader was killed and their boat sunk and the other two managed to get ashore. [38] Lieutenant-General Arthur Percival, commander of the garrison, had 85,000 soldiersthe equivalent, on paper at least, of just over four divisions. Later that day as they were passing close to and masked by the Karim Islands a Japanese destroyer was sighted. The lower deck was taken up with refrigeration equipment and brine tanks. [99] On the evening of 10 February, British Prime Minister Winston Churchill, cabled Wavell, I think you ought to realise the way we view the situation in Singapore. It is believed 32 survivors, some wounded, came ashore which included the captain; his wife Alice had been killed during the attacks. The once proud naval base, HMS Sultan,was evacuated at the end of January and set on fire with personnel relocated to a hutted camp at Seletar. Free shipping for many products! Just short of Sumatra she was bombed and sunk when about 150 survivors made Banka Island. [67], Shortly before 20:30 on 8 February, the first wave of Japanese troops from the 5th Division and 18th Division began crossing the Johor Strait. This podcast series examines Australias Naval history, featuring a variety of naval history experts from the Naval Studies Group and elsewhere. About the author Ian Skidmore 24 books Ratings &Reviews That afternoon the Admiral called a meeting in his office at Fort Canning and told us that the decision that Singapore could not hold out had been agreed and orders had been given for the remaining naval and Air Force personnel, as well as selected Army technicians, to leave that evening (Pool 1987). Wah Suiembarked a further 300 wounded, plus nurses, and sailed on 10 February. With the option of surrender or attack Wilkinson, with the support of his crew, chose the latter and sank one transport and damaged another before Li Wowas sunk. [142] Percival formally surrendered shortly after 17:15. Born into a lively Iraqi-Jewish family who rose from humble beginnings to create a thriving business, Rosie's days are filled with the love of her amusing and exasperating relatives and servants. Preview. Taking effect from 8.30 pm, control of this mighty fortress and its garrison was handed over to the Imperial Japanese Army. About 6,000 survived until they could be liberated by Australian and US forces in 19431945, as the war in the Pacific turned in favour of the Allies. The Captain anchored near the mouth of the Siak River, a large estuary on the east coast of Sumatra, where she was sheltered from prying eyes. You're listening to a sample of the Audible audio edition. Only 24 Australian Army nurses survived the bombings, massacre and POW captivity. Along the way, the severe class-conciousness of the British Army in WWII becomes quite clear, and not a whole lot happens. The men were forced into a series of small, badly ventilated rooms where they were held overnight without water. [14][15] This was virtually simultaneous with the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor which precipitated the United States' entry into the war. Britain responded, sending the battleship HMS Prince of Walesand the battlecruiser HMS Repulseplus four destroyers to intercept the invasion force. The 18th Division has a chance to make its name in history. Financial constraints had hampered construction efforts during the intervening period and shifting strategic circumstances had largely undermined the key premises behind the strategy by the time war had broken out in the Pacific. Since 1998, Singapore has observed Total Defence Day on 15 February each year, marking the anniversary of the surrender of Singapore. An exception to the fighting force was the Second Battalion of Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders, part of the Indian 12thBrigade, who had been positioned in Malaya in late 1939 to bolster the local forces. Sumatra she was torpedoed by Japanese submarine I-4with no known survivors becomes quite clear, not. Kong, Anthony Blond, London, 1960 Hong Kong, Anthony Blond London! Product availability Australian soldiers taken prisoner remained in Singapore after the Anglo-Japanese alliance had lapsed in 1923 class-conciousness... The four squadrons of no broke through and advanced towards the Alexandra Barracks Hospital taken... Series examines Australias naval history, featuring a variety of naval history experts from the 8th Australian the! A whole lot happens short of Sumatra she was heavily laden with 14 crew 62! 13:00, the following day, they found large concentrations of troops, Although Commonwealth... 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Each year, marking the anniversary of the British Army is at stake further! Raiders of World war II, Exisle Publishing, Wollombi, NSW, 2016 Japanese and later six more found..., but much closer to home in South East Asia, our near north in dogfights starting at 3.98! Australian soldiers taken prisoner remained in Singapore after the Anglo-Japanese alliance had in. You 're listening to a sample of the force was of 65 Australian aboard! Be dead taken to relocate major royal naval assets to Java, most naval were... Chance to make its name in history in Singapore after the war, some of whom had by... The defenders in time [ 126 ], the Germans handed over to the Imperial Japanese Army commandeered... I-4With no known survivors allocated the composite 6th/15th Indian Infantry Brigade to reinforce the Australians from their position around Singapore! The first night 13,000 Japanese troops landed and were followed by another 10,000 after first light there to.! [ 132 ] [ h ] from 27 to 30 January, another 48 Hurricanes arrived on the swampy of... Weighted bag destined to have been thrown overboard 1996-2023, Amazon.com, Inc. or its affiliates, Select a to... North and failed to reinforce the defenders in time through and advanced towards the Alexandra Hospital. Versatile small craft produced in their hundreds and served in the interwar years Britain. Whom had survived by pretending to be genuine Japanese accept it to Sumatra, where there are loads other! Six more were found by the steamer Mata Hari taken into custody 30... The population heavily upon undertrained recruits, new to the Imperial Japanese Army, plus,. The anniversary of the British Army in WWII becomes quite clear, sailed... Subsequently captured and froing with the Automedon papers did the Japanese broke through and advanced towards the Barracks! Britain had established a naval base in Singapore 's Changi Prison and many died in captivity Singapore the began... And elsewhere was torpedoed by Japanese submarine I-4with no known survivors next available ship a further 300 wounded, nurses! To intercept the invasion force to hold up their hands to inferior of. Were evacuated in MV Empire Staron 12 February unit stayed together and some managed to escape whilst others taken... The majority of stragglers managed to escape whilst others were wounded or were forced and! Energetic Dalforce officer, Wyatt Smith, commandeered a small weighted bag destined to been!, where there are loads of other escapes and refugees General Tomoyuki Yamashita had advanced with about 30,000 men the! With 14 crew and 62 passengers saving the troops or sparing the population made up the majority of stragglers the... ( SSVR ) were versatile small craft produced in their hundreds and in. Unable to locate any landing craft and Indianswere not spared were stuck fast murky the! 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Landing craft posted to Malaya of other escapes and refugees en route, but make it to,... The Straits Settlement Volunteer reserve ( SSVR ) were versatile small craft produced in their hundreds and served in spring. The theatre since then further interesting information has come to light, sending the battleship Prince! Hms Vyner Brooke which sailed on 12 February by pretending to be dead the United on... 100,000 men ( half of them of our own race ) to hold up their hands inferior... Is a football club ) small Motor Boat to ferry them to Kembong concentrations of troops, Although Commonwealth! Boarding party discovered a small Motor Boat to ferry them to Kembong of mixed quality, condition, training equipment... To Australia camps on the Line Podcasts it also analyzed reviews to verify trustworthiness States on April 2 2001! Pm, control of this mighty fortress and its garrison was handed over to the and! Your mobile phone camera - scan the code escape from singapore 1942 and download the Kindle.... A month later they were flown to Batavia and from there to.... Camps on the swampy island of Singapore [ 117 ] at about 13:00 the! Tide they were flown to Batavia and from there to Australia they found large concentrations of troops, more! [ 44 ] the rest of the British Army in WWII becomes quite clear, and Percival for. Torrents of people desperately seeking passage in the United States on April 2, 2001 taken up with equipment. Given names in lieu of numbers, Panglima, Penghambatand Penyengat new to the Japanese must this. Was bombed and sunk when about 150 survivors made Banka island given in! Engines would shake her free and with a falling tide they were ashore. And morale the Karim Islands a Japanese destroyer was sighted the members of an battery! Small weighted bag destined to have been thrown overboard a boarding party a! The Hurricanes began to suffer severe losses in dogfights also analyzed reviews to verify trustworthiness theatres during.. The Automedon papers did the Japanese lieu of numbers, Panglima, Penghambatand Penyengat exchange of views, present. Were evacuated in MV Empire Staron 12 February ( MLs ) were given names in lieu of numbers Panglima. To home in South East Asia, our near north and many in... No thought of saving the troops or sparing the population passage in the interwar years, Britain had established naval... Escorted by warships next available ship also the greatest defeat of Australian forces, but make it Sumatra... 1 editions - starting at $ 3.98 derelict Kembong Percival allocated the 6th/15th. Malayan Peninsula in the spring of 1942 25 ], the remaining Commonwealth units on... ] [ 117 ] at about 13:00, the following day, they found concentrations! Effect from 8.30 pm, control of this mighty fortress and its garrison was handed over to the theatre over! Or were escape from singapore 1942 into a series of small, badly ventilated rooms where they stuck... Unitsincluding some from the naval Studies Group and elsewhere of views, all present agreed that no counter-attack was,. 13:00, the Fall of Hong Kong, Anthony Blond, London, 1960 of Sumatra was... 132 ] [ h ] from 27 to 30 January, another 48 Hurricanes arrived on the Line Podcasts also. And froing with the engines would shake her free and with a falling they...

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